Article
Nguyen B. Ngoc Jade
College of Management, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuandong Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 320
Abstract
The 2024 Computex Taipei showcased Taiwan’s critical role in advancing the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution. The event highlighted Taiwan’s dominance in semiconductors, strategic collaborations with global technology leaders, and commitments to sustainability. This report employs Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) and the concept of metaphors to explore the layered narratives framing Taiwan’s AI future, drawing insights from 11 articles published by Taipei Times between June 4 and 6, 2024. The analysis reveals not only surface-level trends but also deeper systemic drivers, cultural worldviews, and symbolic narratives that collectively describe Taiwan’s vision as a global AI leader.
Keywords
Computex 2024, Taiwan, Artificial Intelligence, Causal Layered Analysis, Metaphors
Introduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping industries, governance, and societal norms on a global scale. Zaidi (2020) identifies “the rise of artificial intelligence” as one of the three critical trends influencing contemporary society. Computex 2024, held from June 4 to 6 in Taiwan, is an annual global technology expo exemplifying the rapid advancements in AI while unveiling the underlying narratives that guide its adoption and implications. These narratives are often built on metaphors and cultural frameworks, shaping societal perceptions and strategies for engaging with technological change. Analyzing these metaphors and their deeper meanings is crucial for understanding the future trajectory of AI development and its broader implications in Taiwan.
The Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) is particularly effective for exploring how technological narratives are constructed, sustained, and evolve over time (Inayatullah, 1998; Inayatullah et al., 2022). CLA has been applied in various domains, including women entrepreneurs (France, 2025), artificial intelligence evolution (Farrow, 2019), images of the future of young adults (Kaboli & Tapio, 2018), testing transformative energy scenarios (Heinonen et al., 2017), the relationship between academics and administrators in universities (Conway, 2012), global governance (Riedy, 2008), and among others, making CLA itself a suitable tool for analyzing AI discourse in Taiwan during Computex 2024.
Metaphors play a pivotal role in shaping technological futures, encapsulating societal values, fears, and aspirations. Lakoff and Johnson (1980a, 1980b) argue that metaphors are not merely linguistic devices but cognitive tools that influence perception and behavior. In the special issue “Metaphors in FS” published in Futures, scholars highlight that metaphors are foundational to future discourse, enabling the creation of new personal and strategic pathways (Carbonell et al., 2016; Chen, 2016; Inayatullah et al., 2016; Judge, 2016). Metaphors not only describe reality but also shape it, serving as essential tools for disrupting the present, unlocking alternatives, and envisioning new futures (Inayatullah et al., 2016). Carbonell et al. (2016) align metaphor classifications of Lakoff and Johnson (1980a, 1980b) with the layers of CLA, underscoring their deeper cognitive and structural influence. At Computex 2024, metaphors surrounding AI transcend technical possibilities, revealing the societal and cultural dimensions of its adoption, thereby illustrating their integral role in constructing the narratives and imaginaries of Taiwan’s AI-driven future.
Following the idea of Carbonell et al. (2016), I summarize here how metaphors operate at different levels to shape understanding and narratives. At the litany level, surface facts are influenced by metaphors derived from deeper layers, providing context and framing for observable phenomena. The systemic causes layer is shaped by ontological metaphors, which give abstract systems a tangible, entity-like quality. Moving to the discourse/worldview layer, orientational metaphors organize perceptions and priorities, aligning ideologies and cultural values. Finally, the myth/metaphor layer is rooted in structural metaphors, which fundamentally shape thinking and worldviews, offering overarching narratives. Together, these frameworks demonstrate how metaphors interact across CLA’s layers to construct multi-dimensional discourses about AI.
Taiwan’s unique position as a global technology hub further enriches the analysis of AI discourse. As the world’s leading producer of semiconductors and a key player in the global tech supply chain (Breznitz, 2021), Taiwan’s AI initiatives are deeply embedded in its economic and geopolitical strategies. The “Silicon Shield” metaphor, often used to describe Taiwan’s semiconductor dominance, extends to its aspirations in AI, framing the country as both a technological innovator and a stabilizer in the global tech ecosystem (Fairley, 2024; Roussilhe et al., 2024).
Using the keyword “Artificial Intelligence”, 11 articles published in the Taipei Times between June 4 and 6, 2025, were collected. This report employs CLA to examine these articles, which focus on Computex 2024, to uncover the multi-layered narratives shaping AI discourse in Taiwan. By exploring the litany of public discussions, the systemic drivers behind AI adoption, the worldviews influencing policy and industry, and the deep cultural metaphors embedded in the discourse, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the sociotechnical dynamics at play. Additionally, it emphasizes how Taiwan’s national identity and technological leadership converge to shape the nation’s AI-driven future.
In doing so, this research contributes to futures studies by demonstrating how CLA can be applied to emerging technologies. It also offers practical insights for policymakers and industry leaders, emphasizing the importance of aligning technological innovation with societal values and aspirations. Understanding these dynamics is critical for ensuring that AI development fosters inclusivity, sustainability, and human-centered progress.
Results
Metaphors used to talk about AI
The data analysis reveals diverse, multi-layered narratives that shape Taiwan’s vision for AI. These narratives demonstrate how language frames AI as a transformative force, strategic tool, and a cornerstone of Taiwan’s identity as a global tech leader. Descriptions such as “the world is now facing a wave of AI technology” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024a) and “Taiwan plays an important role in the world’s AI ecosystem” (Taipei Times, Jun 04, 2024c) highlight AI’s inevitability and collaborative nature, portraying it as an integral part of global technological progress and Taiwan’s leadership ambitions. Terms like “accelerating development and integration applications” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024a) and “the widespread transition to generative AI” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024c) present AI development as a deliberate and goal-oriented process, emphasizing Taiwan’s structured progression toward an AI-enabled future.
Phrases such as “cutting-edge technologies” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024c) and “AI Virtual Human” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024a) emphasize AI’s utility and role in driving innovation, positioning Taiwan’s developments as pivotal to both local and global ecosystems. Similarly, expressions like “AI Revolution” (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024d) and “promises to bring more transformative changes to the world” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024a) underscore AI’s disruptive potential to redefine industries and societies, while “artificial intelligence Copilot service” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024b) personifies it as an accessible, collaborative partner aligned with Taiwan’s inclusive progress narrative.
Economic-focused terms such as “We see this as the fuel” (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024c) and “it would in reality give an economic boost to the nation” (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024d) highlight AI’s critical role in sustaining growth and competitiveness. Construction-related phrases like “to build more sustainable data center infrastructures” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024c) underscore the strategic planning required to establish a robust foundation for AI-driven industries. A description such as “AI trends in the spotlight!” (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024a) frames AI as a source of innovation and opportunities, elevating Taiwan’s contributions to the global stage. The enthusiasm surrounding AI is captured through expressions like “AI Fever” (Taipei Times, Jun 04, 2024a), illustrating its widespread appeal and urgency. Finally, the recurring description of Taiwan as an “AI Island” (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024d) highlights its ambition to create a unique hub for AI innovation, blending technological prowess with cultural identity. Collectively, these linguistic devices illustrate Taiwan’s aspirations, systemic strengths, and cultural narratives, positioning the nation as a key player in the global AI ecosystem. This analysis underscores the importance of language in shaping technological discourse and highlights its role in envisioning the future of emerging technologies.
Results of CLA
The results of CLA reveal Taiwan’s discourse on AI is constructed across multiple layers, reflecting its strategic vision for an AI-driven future (Table 1). At the litany level, the articles highlight key surface narratives, including AI-powered laptops, AI infrastructure, and Taiwan’s “AI island” vision. These narratives emphasize user-friendly applications, industry partnerships, and technological advancements.
At the systemic causes level, structural drivers such as Taiwan’s semiconductor leadership, global partnerships, government incentives, and sustainability initiatives emerge as key factors. Articles showcase collaborations with tech giants like Nvidia, AMD, and Qualcomm, and highlight the nation’s strategic focus on fostering innovation hubs and green technologies.
At the worldview level, AI is framed as a transformative, democratizing, and essential force for societal and technological progress. Themes such as collaboration, sustainability, and inclusivity reflect Taiwan’s commitment to integrating AI into its economic and social fabric while maintaining its global competitiveness.
Finally, at the myth and metaphor level, recurring metaphors such as AI AS A WAVE, AI AS FUEL, and AI ISLAND capture Taiwan’s ambition to lead the global AI ecosystem. These metaphors position Taiwan as both a hub for technological innovation and a steward of sustainable development, revealing its broader aspirations to shape the future of AI.
| Table 1: Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) for Taiwan’s media discourse on AI during Computex Taipei 2024 | |||||
| Article title | Words | Litany Level | Systemic Causes | Worldview | Myth and Metaphor |
| Copilot buzz (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024b) | 42 | The surface narrative highlights the display of AI-powered laptops at Computex Taipei, emphasizing user-friendly applications and technological advancements. | Collaboration between hardware manufacturers and software developers, Taiwan’s position as a tech leader, and a focus on consumer-centric innovation drive the narratives. | AI is seen as a practical, collaborative tool that aligns with societal values of progress, productivity, and accessibility. | The metaphors of “AI as an enabler” and “copilot” reflect Taiwan’s aspiration to lead in making AI an integral and empowering part of daily life. |
| AI trends in the spotlight! (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024a) | 594 | AI’s role in Taiwan is prominently showcased through cutting-edge technologies, collaborations, and real-world applications during Computex 2024. | Taiwan’s tech ecosystem, economic incentives, and global competitiveness are foundational to its leadership in AI innovation. | The cultural and ideological emphasis on progress, collaboration, and symbiosis with AI reflects Taiwan’s forward-looking perspective on technology’s role in society. | The metaphors of transformation, evolution, and harmony reveal deeper aspirations for AI to not only enhance Taiwan’s global standing but also contribute to humanity’s collective future. |
| Nvidia’s Huang champions Supermicro’s direct liquid cooling tech (Taipei Times, Jun 06, 2024c) | 436 | Computex Taipei 2024 highlights AI infrastructure as a critical focus, emphasizing DLC systems for sustainable and efficient AI data centers. | Economic investments, global collaborations, and environmental pressures drive advancements in AI infrastructure and adoption of DLC technology. | The discourse reflects a belief in the inevitability of AI-driven transformation, the alignment of technology with sustainability, and the pursuit of efficiency and progress. | AI is portrayed as both a catalyst and an opportunity, while DLC emerges as the metaphorical “lifeblood” sustaining the AI revolution. Taiwan is positioned as a global steward of technological progress. |
| President vows to turn Taiwan into ‘AI island’ (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024d) | 402 | Taiwan’s “AI island” vision is built on green energy, supercomputers, and AI talent development, with significant industry collaboration. | Structural investments in energy security, technological infrastructure, and workforce development highlight a deliberate strategy to integrate AI into Taiwan’s economy and society. | AI is framed as essential for Taiwan’s progress, fostering innovation and inclusivity while aligning with global sustainability trends. | The “AI island” metaphor encapsulates Taiwan’s ambition for technological sovereignty and leadership, with AI symbolizing revolution and collaboration as its cornerstone. |
| Arm aims to win 50% of PC market in five years: Haas (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024a) | 374 | The text highlights Arm’s ambition to dominate the Windows PC market, supported by Microsoft and key hardware partners, signaling a shift in consumer computing. | The systemic drivers include technological advances in AI, market competition, strategic collaborations, and the development of a robust software ecosystem to support new computing paradigms. | The narrative reflects a belief in AI as a transformative force, the democratization of advanced technologies, and the need for sustainable, scalable solutions in a rapidly changing industry. | The metaphors of AI as a frontier, Arm as a challenger, and technology as evolution reveal a vision of disruption, empowerment, and omnipresent computing shaping the future of AI. |
| Intel’s Gelsinger unveils new chips for AI PCs (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024c) | 463 | Intel’s announcements and competitive assertions at Computex Taipei 2024 highlight AI’s role in driving product innovation, industry growth, and market forecasts. | The systemic forces include intense market competition, technological advancements, economic incentives, and consumer demand for AI-enhanced computing solutions. | The discourse reflects an ideology of AI as a transformative and democratizing force, with competition, sustainability, and collaboration driving progress. | AI is framed as both the “fuel” and “shaper” of future technological and economic landscapes, with Intel positioning itself as a key player in the unfolding revolution. |
| Hon Hai, Nvidia to build advanced computing center (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024b) | 423 | The surface narrative highlights the collaboration between Hon Hai and Nvidia, with applications spanning smart cities, EVs, and generative AI. | Structural drivers include Taiwan’s focus on high-tech industry growth, partnerships that combine expertise in AI and manufacturing, and government policies promoting regional innovation hubs like Kaohsiung. | AI is seen as transformative, driving urban modernization, industrial optimization, and global competitiveness. The focus on sustainability and collaboration reflects broader cultural values. | Kaohsiung is framed as a symbol of AI-enabled urban transformation, while technologies such as digital twins and generative AI are metaphorically positioned as bridges and engines driving progress. |
| AMD, TSMC to produce new chips (Taipei Times, Jun 04, 2024b) | 730 | The narrative highlights AMD’s collaboration with TSMC, Taiwan’s critical role in semiconductor innovation, and the unveiling of new AI chips and R&D initiatives at Computex 2024. | Taiwan’s semiconductor ecosystem, global supply chains, government support, and technological innovation drive the trends in AI and chip development. | The discourse reflects a belief in AI as a transformative force, collaboration as essential, and Taiwan’s pivotal role in shaping the future of AI and semiconductors. | AI is framed as the “new electricity” powering societal transformation, while Taiwan is depicted as the “heart” of global innovation and semiconductors as the “backbone” of progress. |
| AI fever brings foreign funds back to Taiwan (Taipei Times, Jun 04, 2024a) | 450 | A surge in foreign investment driven by optimism around AI, strong performance in Taiwanese equities, and the influence of Nvidia and TSMC is highlighted. | Taiwan’s dominance in the global semiconductor supply chain, robust earnings forecasts, and strategic positioning in the AI boom underpin its market appeal. | AI is seen as a transformative and stabilizing force, reinforcing Taiwan’s image as an essential player in the global technology landscape. | AI is framed as Taiwan’s “golden engine” of economic growth, with TSMC and Computex symbolizing innovation and leadership on a global scale. |
| Computex to attract 50,000 buyers: TAITRA (Taipei Times, Jun 04, 2024c) | 366 | Computex Taipei highlights Taiwan’s leadership in AI and ICT through its theme of “Connecting AI,” emphasizing partnerships, green computing, and data storage solutions. | Taiwan’s strengths in ICT R&D, infrastructure development, and global partnerships drive its role in the AI ecosystem and its ability to host a globally significant event like Computex. | AI is seen as the centerpiece of technological progress, with collaboration, sustainability, and data-driven solutions framing Taiwan’s vision for its role in shaping the global AI landscape. | Taiwan is metaphorically positioned as a bridge and fuel provider for the global AI revolution, with Computex serving as the stage where this narrative unfolds. |
| Qualcomm touts chip power savings (Taipei Times, Jun 04, 2024d) | 532 | Qualcomm and Microsoft’s partnership is showcased as a major step in redefining PCs with AI-enabled Copilot+ features, promoting efficiency and innovation. | Industry shifts toward AI integration, collaborative ecosystems, and consumer-centric innovations drive Qualcomm’s market strategy and partnerships. | The narrative reflects a belief in AI as a transformative force, collaboration as the pathway to progress, and competition as essential for advancing technology and consumer benefits. | Qualcomm positions itself as a disruptor and its technology as the “rebirth” of PCs, with AI acting as the central “brain” powering this transformation. |
The analysis of key metaphors in the dataset aligns seamlessly with the CLA framework, as both approaches reveal the multi-layered nature of Taiwan’s AI discourse at Computex Taipei 2024. While the metaphors provide a linguistic and symbolic lens to frame AI as a transformative force and strategic tool, the CLA framework extends this understanding by unpacking surface trends, systemic structures, cultural ideologies, and deeper myths driving these narratives. Together, they illuminate how Taiwan’s AI aspirations are constructed across multiple dimensions, offering a nuanced understanding of its technological ambitions and national positioning in the global AI ecosystem.
Discussion
The narratives presented at Computex Taipei 2024 provide insight into Taiwan’s positioning in the global AI landscape. Analyzing AI discourse through CLA’s layers—litany, systemic causes, worldview, and myths/metaphors—uncovers Taiwan’s vision as a technological leader and global collaborator. This multi-layered approach highlights the societal, cultural, and systemic narratives shaping AI’s development and adoption.
Litany Level: AI as immediate progress
At the litany level, the discourse is characterized by tangible achievements such as partnerships, product announcements, and market expansion. Companies like AMD, Nvidia, and Qualcomm showcased their AI-powered innovations, highlighting Taiwan’s pivotal role in advancing AI applications, especially in semiconductors and computing. For instance, Nvidia’s partnership with Hon Hai (Foxconn) emphasized AI-driven smart cities and generative AI, framing Taiwan as a hub of technological dynamism. Such surface-level narratives align with the concept of “orientational metaphors” (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980a, 1980b), where AI is presented as progress-oriented and forward-moving. Phrases related to cutting-edge AI and AI-powered transformation reflect Taiwan’s narrative of immediate, visible progress and reinforce confidence in its role as a global AI leader.
Systemic Causes: Taiwan as the backbone of AI development
The systemic causes uncover the structural drivers of Taiwan’s AI leadership, including its dominance in semiconductor manufacturing, strategic collaborations, and infrastructure for AI innovation. Taiwan’s competitive advantages, such as TSMC’s global role in chipmaking, position it as the backbone of global AI development. These systemic factors emphasize collaboration and competition, key themes evident in partnerships like AMD and TSMC or Qualcomm’s AI-enabled PCs. Taiwan’s innovation ecosystem thrives on its ability to bridge global supply chains with local technological expertise (Breznitz, 2021). These systemic strengths align with ontological metaphors, where AI is conceptualized as infrastructure—solid, reliable, and essential to technological progress.
Worldview: AI as a force for sustainability and inclusivity
The worldview layer reveals Taiwan’s commitment to using AI for ethical, sustainable, and inclusive development. President Lai’s vision of Taiwan as an “AI island” (Taipei Times, Jun 05, 2024d) emphasizes a national strategy that integrates green energy, supercomputing, and talent development. This narrative portrays AI not merely as a technological tool but as a means to align with global values of sustainability and inclusivity. This worldview supports Taiwan’s dual ambition: to lead in technological innovation and to contribute to humanity’s collective future.
Myths and Metaphors: Symbolic narratives of transformation
At the deepest level, the analysis of metaphors reveals symbolic narratives that shape Taiwan’s AI discourse. Metaphors evoke themes of transformation and empowerment, for example, Kaohsiung’s smart city initiatives. Structural metaphors further illuminate how these narratives construct meaning. Depicting AI as an “island” frames Taiwan as a distinctive center of technological excellence, emphasizing exclusivity and specialization. These metaphors encapsulate Taiwan’s ambition to lead in AI while safeguarding its cultural and economic identity.
Theoretical and Practical Contributions
The application of CLA demonstrates its utility in unpacking the multi-dimensional narratives that frame Taiwan’s AI future. CLA bridges the gap between surface-level trends and deeper systemic and cultural drivers, making it an invaluable tool for futures studies. This report enhances the understanding of how media metaphors shape technological discourses, highlighting their significant impact on shaping perceptions, strategies, and policies.
Practically, this research underscores the importance of aligning AI development with cultural values and systemic strengths. Policymakers and industry leaders can leverage these insights to foster inclusive and sustainable AI ecosystems. Taiwan’s approach, blending innovation with national identity, offers a model for responsibly navigating AI’s challenges and opportunities.
Conclusion
Through CLA and metaphoric analysis, this report uncovers the layered narratives framing Taiwan’s AI ambitions as showcased at Computex Taipei 2024. From immediate technological achievements to systemic drivers and symbolic metaphors, Taiwan emerges as a pivotal player in shaping the future of AI. Its integration of innovation, sustainability, and cultural values not only enhances its global standing but also provides a blueprint for responsible AI development. Metaphors are more than descriptive tools—they are foundational to how societies envision and construct their futures. Taiwan’s narrative, rich with transformative metaphors, positions it as both a leader and a collaborator in the global AI ecosystem.
Taiwan’s emphasis on sustainability, inclusivity, and innovation in its AI discourse is particularly noteworthy. By positioning AI as both a transformative and ethical force, Taiwan sets a precedent for integrating technological leadership with societal responsibility. However, this vision also underscores challenges, such as balancing economic ambitions with environmental concerns and navigating global competition while maintaining national authenticity.
In conclusion, this research demonstrates how metaphors and CLA together reveal the multi-dimensional construction of AI’s future in Taiwan. By connecting linguistic framing with systemic and cultural dynamics, it offers a nuanced understanding of how technology, culture, and identity converge to shape national and global futures. The findings provide valuable insights into Taiwan’s AI aspirations and underscore the importance of metaphors in framing technological narratives. While the report is limited by its small corpus, it nonetheless contributes to addressing the knowledge gap in AI discourse. Future research could expand on this work by analyzing larger datasets, exploring additional technological domains, or examining how these narratives influence public perceptions and policy-making. Such extensions would further enrich our understanding of AI’s evolving societal role and the complex interplay between language, technology, and national identity.
Acknowledgements
I want to thank Dr. Anisah Abdullah, Managing Editor of the Journal of Futures Studies (JFS), and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and time to enhance the quality of this manuscript. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Chen Yi-Chen (陳怡蓁老師), Associate Professor in the Department of Foreign Languages and Applied Linguistics at Yuan Ze University, for her insightful lectures in the Cognitive Semantics course (認知語意學) and her unwavering encouragement, which motivated me to step beyond my comfort zone in academia.
Author bio
Nguyen B. Ngoc Jade (APA 7th cited as “Jade, N. B. N.”) is currently a Doctoral Candidate in Management and an Adjunct Lecturer at Yuan Ze University (Taiwan), where she obtained an MBA in Leadership and an MA in Language Studies. Jade teaches undergraduate EMI courses such as English Communication Technique, Digital Applications in Humanities, and others. Jade focuses on research in Technology Management, Education, and Applied Linguistics. Her research work can be found in International Journal of Management Education, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Technology in Society, English Today, and many others.
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